FIN 500 Class Web Page, Spring '18

The Syllabus

Business Finance Online, an interactive learning tool for the Corporate Finance Student https://www.zenwealth.com/BusinessFinanceOnline/index.htm (could be very helpful)

  

Weekly SCHEDULE, LINKS, FILES and Questions

Week

Coverage, HW, Supplements

-        Required

Equations

Videos (optional)

Week 1, 2

Market Watch Game

Use the information and directions below to join the game.

1.     URL for your game: 
http://www.marketwatch.com/game/fin500-18spring

2.     Password for this private game: havefun.

3.     Click on the 'Join Now' button to get started.

4.     If you are an existing MarketWatch member, login. If you are a new user, follow the link for a Free account - it's easy!

5.     Follow the instructions and start trading!

1.     

Capital Flow Chart (pdf)

 

Chapter 5 Time value of money 1

Week 1 in class exercise (word file)Solution FYI (available now)

Chapter 5 ppt calculator

Chapter 5 ppt formula

Concept of FV, PV, Rate, Nper

Calculation of FV, PV, Rate, Nper

Concept of interest rate, compounding rate, discount rate

 

image001.jpg

 

 

Chapter 6 Time Value of Money 2

Chapter 6 PPT calculator

Chapter 6 ppt formula

Concept of PMT, NPV

Calculation of FV, PV, Rate, Nper, PMT, NPV, NFV

Concept of EAR, APR

Calculation of EAR, APR

 

 

HOMEWORK of Chapters 5 and 6(due on 3/27 )

1. The Thailand Co. is considering the purchase of some new equipment. The quote consists of a quarterly payment of $4,740 for 10 years at 6.5 percent interest. What is the purchase price of the equipment? ($138,617.88)

 

2. The condominium at the beach that you want to buy costs $249,500. You plan to make a cash down payment of 20 percent and finance the balance over 10 years at 6.75 percent. What will be the amount of your monthly mortgage payment? ($2,291.89)

3. Today, you are purchasing a 15-year, 8 percent annuity at a cost of $70,000. The annuity will pay annual payments. What is the amount of each payment? ($8,178.07)

 

4. Shannon wants to have $10,000 in an investment account three years from now. The account will pay 0.4 percent interest per month. If Shannon saves money every month, starting one month from now, how much will she have to save each month? ($258.81)

5. Trevor's Tires is offering a set of 4 premium tires on sale for $450. The credit terms are 24 months at $20 per month. What is the interest rate on this offer? (6.27%)

6. Top Quality Investments will pay you $2,000 a year for 25 years in exchange for $19,000 today. What interest rate are you earning on this annuity? (9.42%)

7. You have just won the lottery! You can receive $10,000 a year for 8 years or $57,000 as a lump sum payment today. What is the interest rate on the annuity? (8.22%)

8. Around Town Movers recently purchased a new truck costing $97,000. The firm financed this purchase at 8.25 percent interest with monthly payments of $2,379.45. How many years will it take the firm to pay off this debt? (4.0 years)


9.  Expansion, Inc. acquired an additional business unit for $310,000. The seller agreed to accept annual payments of $67,000 at an interest rate of 6.5 percent. How many years will it take Expansion, Inc. to pay for this purchase? (5.68 years)

10. You want to retire early so you know you must start saving money. Thus, you have decided to save $4,500 a year, starting at age 25. You plan to retire as soon as you can accumulate $500,000. If you can earn an average of 11 percent on your savings, how old will you be when you retire? (49.74 years)

11. You just received a credit offer in an email. The company is offering you $6,000 at 12.8 percent interest. The monthly payment is only $110. If you accept this offer, how long will it take you to pay off the loan? (82.17 months)

12. Fred was persuaded to open a credit card account and now owes $5,150 on this card. Fred is not charging any additional purchases because he wants to get this debt paid in full. The card has an APR of 15.1 percent. How much longer will it take Fred to pay off this balance if he makes monthly payments of $70 rather than $85? (93.04 months)

13. Bridget plans to save $150 a month, starting today, for ten years. Jordan plans to save $175 a month for ten years, starting one month from today. Both Bridget and Jordan expect to earn an average return of 8 percent on their savings. At the end of the ten years, Jordan will have approximately _____ more than Bridget. ($4,391)

14. What is the future value of weekly payments of $25 for six years at 10 percent? ($10,673.90)

15. At the end of this month, Bryan will start saving $80 a month for retirement through his company's retirement plan. His employer will contribute an additional $.25 for every $1.00 that Bryan saves. If he is employed by this firm for 25 more years and earns an average of 11 percent on his retirement savings, how much will Bryan have in his retirement account 25 years from now? ($157,613.33)

 

16. Sky Investments offers an annuity due with semi-annual payments for 10 years at 7 percent interest. The annuity costs $90,000 today. What is the amount of each annuity payment? ($6,118.35)

17. Mr. Jones just won a lottery prize that will pay him $5,000 a year for thirty years. He will receive the first payment today. If Mr. Jones can earn 5.5 percent on his money, what are his winnings worth to him today? ($76,665.51)

 

18. You want to save $75 a month for the next 15 years and hope to earn an average rate of return of 14 percent. How much more will you have at the end of the 15 years if you invest your money at the beginning of each month rather than the end of each month? ($530.06)

 

19. What is the effective annual rate of 10.5 percent compounded semi-annually? (10.78%)

20. What is the effective annual rate of 9 percent compounded quarterly? (9.31%)

21. Fancy Interiors offers credit to customers at a rate of 1.65 percent per month. What is the effective annual rate of this credit offer? (21.70%)

 

22. What is the effective annual rate of 12.75 percent compounded daily? (13.60 percent)

 

23. Your grandparents loaned you money at 0.5 percent interest per month. The APR on this loan is _____ percent and the EAR is _____ percent. (6.00; 6.17)

24. Three years ago, you took out a loan for $9,000. Over those three years, you paid equal monthly payments totaling $11,826. What was the APR on your loan? (18.69%)

Math Formula

FV = PV *(1+r)^n

PV = FV / ((1+r)^n)

N = ln(FV/PV) / ln(1+r)

Rate = (FV/PV)1/n -1

Annuity:

N = ln(FV/C*r+1)/(ln(1+r))

Or

N = ln(1/(1-(PV/C)*r)))/ (ln(1+r))

 

image002.jpg

 

 

EAR = (1+APR/m)^m-1

APR = (1+EAR)^(1/m)*m

 

 

 

Excel Formulas 

To get FV, use FV function.    

 =abs(fv(rate, nper, pmt, pv))

 

To get PV, use PV function         

 = abs(pv(rate, nper, pmt, fv))

 

To get r, use rate function             

= rate(nper,  pmt, pv, -fv)

 

To get number of years, use nper function                                

 = nper(rate,  pmt, pv, -fv)

 

To get annuity payment, use PMT function                                          

 = pmt(rate, nper, pv, -fv)

 

To get Effective rate (EAR), use Effect function                            

 = effect(nominal_rate, npery)

 

To get annual percentage rate (APR), use nominal function      

 = nominal(effective rate,  npery)

 

 

Net future value (NFV) Template here

(Thanks to Dr. Lane) (FYI)

 

Fall of Lehman Brother part i

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPOtQkSiCk8

 

Fall of Lehman Brother part ii

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0N_FX0kUMI&feature=relmfu

 

Fall of Lehman Brother part iii

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmZd3vVoPgY&feature=relmfu

 

Fall of Lehman Brother part iv

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcO_dQCJ3HA&feature=relmfu

 

Fall of Lehman Brother part v

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4gqzRePtes

 

Fall of Lehman Brother part vi

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms_tnEe4wFk&feature=relmfu

 

How the stock market works

 

How the market works

 

 

Week 3

Chapter 7 Bond Pricing

Ppt

Simplified Balance Sheet of WalMart

 

In Millions of USD 

As of 2017-01-31

Total Assets

198,825.00

Total Current Liabilities

66,928.00

Long Term Debt

42,018.00

Total Liabilities

121,027.00

Total Equity

77,798.00

Total Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity

198,825.00

   

 

For discussion:

         What is this �long term debt�?

         Who is the lender of this �long term debt�?

So this long term debt is called bond in the financial market. Where can you find the pricing information and other specifications of the bond issued by WMT?

image003.jpg 

 

How Bonds Work (video)

Investing Basics: Bonds(video)

 

FINRA � Bond market information

http://finra-markets.morningstar.com/BondCenter/Default.jsp

 

WAL-MART STORES INC

http://finra-markets.morningstar.com/BondCenter/BondDetail.jsp?ticker=C104227&symbol=WMT.GP

 

Coupon Rate

7.550

%

Maturity Date

02/15/2030

Symbol

WMT.GP

CUSIP

931142BF9

Next Call Date

Callable

 
 
 

Last Trade Price

$145.07

Last Trade Yield

3.104%

Last Trade Date

11/06/2017

US Treasury Yield

 

Trade History

     

Credit and Rating Elements

Moody's� Rating

Aa2 (10/14/2015)

Standard & Poor's Rating

AA (02/10/2000)

TRACE Grade

Investment Grade

Default

Bankruptcy

N

Insurance

Mortgage Insurer

Pre-Refunded/Escrowed

Additional Description

Senior Unsecured Note

Classification Elements

Bond Type

US Corporate Debentures

Debt Type

Senior Unsecured Note

Industry Group

Industrial

Industry Sub Group

Retail

Sub-Product Asset

CORP

Sub-Product Asset Type

Corporate Bond

State

Use of Proceeds

Security Code

Special Characteristics

Medium Term Note

N

Issue Elements

*dollar amount in thousands

Offering Date

02/09/2000

Dated Date

02/15/2000

First Coupon Date

08/15/2000

Original Offering*

$1,000,000.00

Amount Outstanding*

$1,000,000.00

Series

Issue Description

Project Name

Payment Frequency

Semi-Annual

Day Count

30/360

Form

Book Entry

Depository/Registration

Depository Trust Company

Security Level

Senior

Collateral Pledge

Capital Purpose

Bond Elements

*dollar amount in thousands

Original Maturity Size*

1,000,000.00

Amount Outstanding Size*

1,000,000.00

Yield at Offering

7.56%

Price at Offering

$99.84

Coupon Type

Fixed

Escrow Type

 

 

For class discussion:

Fed has hiked interest rates. So, shall you invest in short term bond or long term bond?

Study guide  

1.      Find bond sponsored by WalMart (WMT)

just go to www.finra.org Investor center  market data  bond  corporate bond

 

Corporate Bond

 

Issuer Name

Symbol

Callable

Sub-Product Type

Coupon

Maturity

Moody's�

S&P

Price

Yield

WMT

WMT.GP

 

Corporate Bond

7.55

2/15/2030

Aa2

AA

138.694

3.537

WMT

WMT.GG

 

Corporate Bond

6.75

10/15/2023

Aa2

AA

118.23

3.153

WMT

WMT.HV

Corporate Bond

5.25

9/1/2035

Aa2

AA

118.14

 

WMT

WMT.IA

 

Corporate Bond

5.875

4/5/2027

Aa2

AA

118.54

 

WMT

WMT.IC

No

Corporate Bond

6.5

8/15/2037

Aa2

AA

138.098

 

WMT

WMT.IE

No

Corporate Bond

6.2

4/15/2038

Aa2

AA

132.478

 

WMT

WMT.IG

No

Corporate Bond

4.125

2/1/2019

Aa2

AA

100.84

 

WMT

WMT.IJ

 

Corporate Bond

5.625

4/1/2040

Aa2

AA

126.384

 

WMT

WMT.IK

No

Corporate Bond

3.625

7/8/2020

Aa2

AA

101.75

 

WMT

WMT.IM

No

Corporate Bond

4.875

7/8/2040

Aa2

AA

115.825

 

WMT

WMT.IP

 

Corporate Bond

3.25

10/25/2020

Aa2

AA

101.37

2.698

WMT

WMT.IQ

 

Corporate Bond

5

10/25/2040

Aa2

AA

116.064

 

WMT

WMT.AD

No

Corporate Bond

4.25

4/15/2021

Aa2

AA

104.306

2.774

WMT

WMT.AB

No

Corporate Bond

5.625

4/15/2041

Aa2

AA

127.844

 

WMT

WMT4117477

Yes

Corporate Bond

3.3

4/22/2024

Aa2

AA

100.41

3.223

WMT

WMT4117478

Yes

Corporate Bond

4.3

4/22/2044

Aa2

AA

106.654

 

WMT

WMT3991377

Yes

Corporate Bond

4

4/11/2043

Aa2

AA

102.849

 

WMT

WMT3991489

 

Corporate Bond

1.125

4/11/2018

Aa2

AA

99.918

2.667

WMT

WMT3991485

Yes

Corporate Bond

2.55

4/11/2023

Aa2

AA

97.487

3.091

WMT

WMT4055335

 

Corporate Bond

1.95

12/15/2018

Aa2

AA

99.715

2.344

2.      2. Understand what is coupon, coupon rate, yield, yield to maturity, market price, par value, maturity, annual bond, semi-annual bond, current yield.

 

3.      3. Understand how to price bond

Bond price = abs(pv(yield, maturity, coupon, 1000))------- annual coupon

Bond price = abs(pv(yield/2, maturity*2, coupon/2, 1000)) ------- semi-annual coupon

 

Also change the yield and observe the price changes. Summarize the price change pattern and draw a graph to demonstrate your findings.

 

Again, when yield to maturity of this semi_annual coupon bond is 4%, how should this WMT bond sell for?

 

4.      Understand how to calculate bond returns

Yield to maturity = rate(maturity, coupon,  -market price, 1000) � annual coupon

Yield to maturity = rate(maturity*2, coupon/2,  -market price, 1000)*2 � semi-annual coupon

 

For example, when the annual coupon bond is selling for $1,100, what is its return to investors?

 

For example, when the semi-annual coupon bond is selling for $1,100, what is its return to investors?

 

5.      Current yield: For the above bond, calculate current yield.

6.      Zero coupon bond: coupon=0 and treat it as semi-annual coupon bond.

Example: A ten year zero coupon bond is selling for $400. How much is its yield to maturity?

A ten year zero coupon bond�s yield to maturity is 10%. How much is its price?

 

7.      Understand what is bond rating and how to read those ratings.

a.       Who are Moody, S&P and Fitch?

b.      What is WMT�s rating?

c.       Is the rating for WMT the highest?

d.      Who earned the highest rating?

 

 

HW due week 5 (Due on 3/27)

Refer to the above table and answer questions 1-4 . 1-8 are deleted.

1.  How much is the coupon?

2. This WMT bond is callable. This means that when interest rate increases, Wal-Mart might call this bond back from bondholders.  True _____ False _____

3.  Moody�s rating of this bond is Aa2 for this bond. Assume that GE�s bond rating is A. JEA�s rating is B+. Treasury bond�s rating is AAA. Rank the risk of the four bonds from low to high.

4.  Calculate the current yield based on the above table. 

9.  Firm AAA�s bonds price = $850.  Coupon rate is 5% and par is $1,000. The bond has six years to maturity. Calculate for current yield? (5.88%)

10. For a zero coupon bond, use the following information to calculate its yield to maturity. (14.35%)Years left to maturity = 10 years. Price = $250. 

11.  For a zero coupon bond, use the following information to calculate its price. ($456.39) Years left to maturity = 10 years. Yield = 8%.

12.  Imagine that an annual coupon bond�s coupon rate = 5%, 15 years left. Draw price-yield profile. (hint: Change interest rate, calculate new price and draw the graph). 

13. IBM 5 year 2% annual coupon bond is selling for $950. How much this IBM bond�s YTM?  3.09%

14.  IBM 10 year 4% semi-annual coupon bond is selling for $950. How much is this IBM bond�s YTM?  4.63%

15. IBM 10 year 5% annual coupon bond offers 8% of return. How much is the price of this bond?   798.7

16. IBM 5 year 5% semi-annual coupon bond offers 8% of return. How much is the price of this bond?  $878.34

17.  IBM 20 year zero coupon bond offers 8% return. How much is the price of this bond?

18.   Collingwood Homes has a bond issue outstanding that pays an 8.5 percent coupon and matures in 18.5 years. The bonds have a par value of $1,000 and a market price of $964.20. Interest is paid semiannually. What is the yield to maturity? (8.90%)

19.  Grand Adventure Properties offers a 9.5 percent coupon bond with annual payments. The yield to maturity is 11.2 percent and the maturity date is 11 years from today. What is the market price of this bond if the face value is $1,000?

($895.43)

20.  The zero coupon bonds of D&L Movers have a market price of $319.24, a face value of $1,000, and a yield to maturity of 9.17 percent. How many years is it until these bonds mature? (12.73 years)

21.  A zero coupon bond with a face value of $1,000 is issued with an initial price of $212.56. The bond matures in 25 years. What is yield to maturity?  (6.29%)

22.   The bonds issued by Stainless Tubs bear a 6 percent coupon, payable semiannually. The bonds mature in 11 years and have a $1,000 face value. Currently, the bonds sell for $989. What is the yield to maturity? (6.14%)

Bond Pricing Formula (FYI)

 

 

 

 

 

image005.jpg

 

 

 

image006.jpg

 

Current yield = annual coupon / bond price

 

 

 

 

 

Bond Pricing Excel Formula

 

Summary of bond pricing excel functions

To calculate bond price (annual coupon bond):

Price=abs(pv(yield to maturity, years left to maturity, coupon rate*1000, 1000)

 

To calculate yield to maturity (annual coupon bond)::

Yield to maturity = rate(years left to maturity, coupon rate *1000, -price, 1000)

 

To calculate bond price (semi-annual coupon bond):

Price=abs(pv(yield to maturity/2, years left to maturity*2, coupon rate*1000/2, 1000)

 

To calculate yield to maturity (semi-annual coupon bond):

Yield to maturity = rate(years left to maturity*2, coupon rate *1000/2, -price, 1000)*2

 

To calculate number of years left(annual coupon bond)

Number of years =nper(yield to maturity,  coupon rate*1000, -price, 1000)

 

To calculate number of years left(semi-annual coupon bond)

Number of years =nper(yield to maturity/2,  coupon rate*1000/2, -price, 1000)/2

 

To calculate coupon (annual coupon bond)

Coupon = pmt(yield to maturity, number of years left, -price, 1000)

Coupon rate = coupon / 1000

 

To calculate coupon (semi-annual coupon bond)

Coupon = pmt(yield to maturity/2, number of years left*2, -price, 1000)*2

Coupon rate = coupon / 1000

 

 

 

 

Bond calculator (Thanks to Dr. Lane)

Bond Calculator: Introduction (www.zenwealth.com)

image006.jpg

 


The Bond Calculator can be used to Price Bonds and to determine the Yield-to-Maturity and Yield-to-Call on Bonds. It works similarly to the Time Value Of Money functions of the Texas Instruments BA II Plus calculator.

  1. Bond Price Field - The Price of the bond is displayed or entered in this field.
  2. Coupon Field - The Coupon Payment is displayed or entered in this field. For a Semiannual Coupon Bond the amount displayed or entered is the semiannual Coupon Payment.
  3. Face Value Field - The Face Value or Principal of the bond is displayed or entered in this field.
  4. Yield Field - The Bond Yield is displayed or entered in this field.
  5. Periods Field - The number of Periods remaining until maturity is displayed or entered in this field. For a Semiannual Coupon Bond, this represents the number of six month periods remaining until maturity, i.e., the number of years remaining times two.
  6. Compounding Field - The value selected in this pop-up represents the compounding frequency for the Bond Yield and the frequency of the Coupon Payments, i.e., whether the bond is a Semiannual or Annual Coupon Bond.
  7. Buttons - Press these buttons to calculate the corresponding value.
    • Price Button - Press to calculate the Bond Price.
    • Coupon Button - Press to calculate the Coupon Payment.
    • Face Value Button - Press to calculate the Face Value.
    • Yield Button - Press to calculate the Bond Yield.
    • Periods Button - Press to calculate the Number of Periods remaining until Maturity.

 

 

 

 

Mid Term Questions (Due 4/3/2018)

Bond Investing - Interest Rate Risk

 

 

Bond Investing - Credit Risk

 

 

Is The 35-Year Bull Market In Bonds Dead? The �Godfather of Bonds� Gary Shilling Responds

 

 

 

 

How To Invest in Bonds When Rates Are Rising?

 

 

 

Fed Hiked Interest Rates, So Why Are Bond Yields Still So Low? 

Week 45

Chapter 8 Stock Valuation

ppt

 

1.    Introduction

from google.com/finance for Wal-Mart(NYSE:WMT)

 

86.05-1.45 (-1.66%)

 

Previous Close

87.50

Open

87.96

Bid

86.05 x 500

Ask

86.20 x 100

Day's Range

85.48 - 88.04

52 Week Range

69.33 - 109.98

Volume

6,395,554

Avg. Volume

11,923,339

Market Cap

254.913B

Beta

0.48

PE Ratio (TTM)

26.23

EPS (TTM)

3.28

Earnings Date

May 17, 2018

Forward Dividend & Yield

2.08 (2.39%)

Ex-Dividend Date

2018-05-10

1y Target Est

105.32

Trade prices are not sourced from all markets

 

 

Dividend Growth model template excel simple version  - my contribution (FYI)

Where Po: current stock price; D1: next period dividend; r: stock return; g: dividend growth rate

Do: current dividend

 

 

 

 

 

Stock Calculator (Constant Growth)

Thanks to Dr. Lane

image007.jpg

The Constant Growth Stock Calculator can be used to find the value of a Constant Growth Stock. The calculator can also be used to solve for the Current Dividend (D0), the Next Dividend (D1), the Dividend Growth Rate (g), or Required Return (r) given the values of the other variables.

  1. Dividend Popup - Use the popup to choose whether the Current Dividend (D0) or Next Dividend (D1) is displayed or entered in this field.
  2. Dividend Fields - The Current Dividend (D0) or Next Dividend (D1) is displayed or entered in this field.
  3. Growth Rate Field - The Dividend Growth Rate is displayed or entered in this field.
  4. Required Return Field - The Required Return on the Stock is displayed or entered in this field.
  5. Stock Price Field - The Stock Price is displayed or entered in this field.
  6. Buttons - Press these buttons to calculate the corresponding value.
    • Div Button - Press to calculate the Current Dividend (D0) or the Next Dividend (D1). The current selection in the pop-up in the Dividend Field determines which value is calculated.
    • g Button - Press to calculate the Dividend Growth Rate.
    • r Button - Press to calculate the Required Return on the Stock.
    • P0 Button - Press to calculate the Stock Price.

 

Useful website 

 

www.finance.yahoo.com

www.finviz.com

www.getaom.com

money.msn.com/investing

zacks.com

minyanville.com

moneychimp.com

navellier.investor.com/portfolio-grader/

nasdaq.com

marketwatch.com

superstockscreener.com

gurufocus.com

portfoliomoney.com

stockconsultant.com

marketgrader.com

moderngraham.com

stockpickr.com

stockta.com

thestreet.com

askstockguru.com

quotes.wsj.com

oldschoolvalue.com

fool.com

analystratings.com

barchart.com

stock2own.com

theonlineinvestor.com

seekingalpha.com

Week 4

For discussion:

         Stockholders� rights

         Risk and return � where to find how risky the stock is

2.      Calculate stock prices

1)      Given next dividends and price expected to be sold for

image008.jpg

 

Po= (D1 + P1)/ (1+r)

Po=(D1)/ (1+r) + (D2 + P2)/ (1+r)^2

Po=(D1)/ (1+r) + (D2 )/ (1+r)^2 + (D3 + P3)/ (1+r)^3

Po=(D1)/ (1+r) + (D2 )/ (1+r)^2 + (D3)/ (1+r)^3+ (D4 + P4)/ (1+r)^4

��

 

2) Given all dividends Dividend growth model
       Po= D1/(r-g) or Po= Do*(1+g)/(r-g)

     R = D1/Po+g = Do*(1+g)/Po+g

���� D1=Do*(1+g); D2= D1*(1+g)�

 

Exercise:

1. Consider the valuation of a common stock that paid $1.00 dividend at the end of the last year and is expected to pay a cash dividend in the future. Dividends are expected to grow at 10% and the investors required rate of return is 17%. How much is the price?

2.      The current market price of stock is $90 and the stock pays dividend of $3 with a growth rate of 5%. What is the return of this stock?

 

5.      Avoid emotional investing

1) Herding

2) Overconfidence

3) Mental accounting

4) Anchoring

5) Gamblers fallacy

6) Momentum

6.      How to pick stocks Does it work?

PE ratio

PEG ratio (peg ratio vs. PE ratio video)

 

HOMEWORK (Due on final exam date)

1. Northern Gas recently paid a $2.80 annual dividend on its common stock. This dividend increases at an average rate of 3.8 percent per year. The stock is currently selling for $26.91 a share. What is the market rate of return? (14.60 percent)

2. Douglass Gardens pays an annual dividend that is expected to increase by 4.1 percent per year. The stock commands a market rate of return of 12.6 percent and sells for $24.90 a share. What is the expected amount of the next dividend? ($2.12)
3.  IBM just paid $3.00 dividend per share to investors. The dividend growth rate is 10%. What is the expected dividend of the next year? ($3.3)

4. The current market price of stock is $50 and the stock is expected to pay dividend of $2 with a growth rate of 6%. How much is the expected return to stockholders? (10%)

5.  Investors of Creamy Custard common stock earns 15% of return. It just paid a dividend of $6.00 and dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 6% indefinitely. What is expected price of Creamy Custard's stock? ($70.67)

 

 

Non Constant Growth Stock Calculator (FYI)

Thanks to Dr. Lane

 

image010.jpg

The Nonconstant Growth Stock Calculator  can be used to find the value of a Nonconstant or Supernormal Growth Stock.

  • Dividend Fiels - Enter the Current Dividend (D0) in this field.
  • Growth Rate Fields - Enter the Dividend Growth Rates in these fields. The last rate entered is used as the constant or normal dividend growth rate. Leave the remaining Growth Rate fields blank. (For example if the dividends for the stock began growing at a constant rate in year 4 then the constant growth rate would be entered in the row for year four and the remaining rows would be left blank.)
  • Required Return Field - Enter the Required Return on the Stock in this field.
  • Stock Price Field - The Stock Price is displayed in this field.

Buttons - Press the Calculate button to calculate the price of the stock. Press the Clear to clear the calculator.

    • Div Button - Press to calculate the Current Dividend (D0) or the Next Dividend (D1). The current selection in the pop-up in the Dividend Field determines which value is calculated.
    • g Button - Press to calculate the Dividend Growth Rate.
    • r Button - Press to calculate the Required Return on the Stock.
    • P0 Button - Press to calculate the Stock Price.
 

Week 5

Chapter 9 Capital Budgeting

ppt

NPV, IRR, Payback, PI, MIRR template (excel, simple, my contribution, updated)

NPV Excel syntax

Syntax

  NPV(rate,value1,value2, ...)

  Rate     is the rate of discount over the length of one period.

  Value1, value2, ...     are 1 to 29 arguments representing the payments and income.

         Value1, value2, ... must be equally spaced in time and occur at the end of each    period. NPV uses the order of value1, value2, ... to interpret the order of cash flows. Be sure to enter your payment and income values in the correct sequence.

 

 IRR Excel syntax

Syntax

   IRR(values, guess)

   Values  is an array or a reference to cells that contain numbers for which you want to calculate the internal rate of return.

  Guess     is a number that you guess is close to the result of IRR.

 

 

 

 

Chapter 9 Study Guide

Part I: Single project

Consider the following scenario.

You are reviewing a new project and have estimated the following cash flows:

  Year 0:            CF = -165,000

  Year 1:            CF = 63,120; NI = 13,620

  Year 2:            CF = 70,800; NI = 3,300

  Year 3:            CF = 91,080; NI = 29,100

Your required return for assets of this risk level is 12%.

1)      Using payback period method to make capital budgeting decision.

2)      Using discounted payback period method to make capital budgeting decision.

3)      Using net present value method (NPV)

4)      Using profitable index method (PI)

5)      Using the Internal Rate of Return method (IRR)

6)      Using modified IRR method (MIRR) � on slide 75

Part II: Multi-Projects

 

Period

Project A

Project B

 0

-500

-400

1

325

325

2

325

200

IRR

   

NPV

   

If the required rate of return is 10%. Which project shall you choose?

1)      How much is the cross over rate?

2)      How is your decision if the required rate of return is 13%?

3)      Rule for mutually exclusive projects:

4)      What about the two projects are independent?

More on IRR � (non-conventional cash flow) (slide 73)

Suppose an investment will cost $90,000 initially and will generate the following cash flows:

        Year 1: 132,000

        Year 2: 100,000

        Year 3: -150,000

The required return is 15%. Should we accept or reject the project?

1)      How  does the NPR profile look like?

2)      IRR1=

3)      IRR2=

Exercise (slide 82)

An investment project has the following cash flows:

CF0 = -1,000,000; C01 � C08 = 200,000 each

If the required rate of return is 12%, what decision should be made using NPV?

How would the IRR decision rule be used for this project, and what decision would be reached?

How are the above two decisions related?

 

HOMEWORK(due on final date)
 Question 1: Project with an initial cash outlay of $20,000 with following free cash flows for 5 years.

Year   Cash flows

1                    $8,000

2                    4,000

3                    3,000

4                    5,000

5                    10,000

 

1)      How much is the payback period (approach one)?

2)      If the firm has a 10% required rate of return. How much is NPV (approach 2)?

3)      If the firm has a 10% required rate of return. How much is IRR (approach 3)?

4)      If the firm has a 10% required rate of return. How much is PI (approach 4)?

Question 2: Project with an initial cash outlay of $60,000 with following free cash flows for 5 years.

      Year    FCF               

      Initial outlay    �60,000          

      1          25,000          

      2          24,000          

      3          13,000

      4          12,000

      5          11,000 

The firm has a 15% required rate of return.

Calculate payback period, NPV, IRR and PI. Analyze your results.

 Question 3: Mutually Exclusive Projects

1)      Consider the following cash flows for one-year Project A and B, with required rates of return of 10%. You have limited capital and can invest in one but one project. Which one?

�  Initial Outlay: A = $200; B = $1,500

�  Inflow:            A = $300; B = $1,900

 

2)      Example: Consider two projects, A and B, with initial outlay of $1,000, cost of capital of 10%, and following cash flows in years 1, 2, and 3:

A: $100                       $200                $2,000

B: $650                       $650                $650

 Which project should you choose if they are mutually exclusive? Independent? Crossover rate?

 

 

 

NPV IRR Payback period calculator

Thanks to Dr. Lane

image009.jpg



The Capital Budgeting Calculator can be used to calculate the Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Payback Period, and Equivalent Annual Annuity of a Capital Budgeting project. The calculator works similarly to the Cash Flow functions of the Texas Instruments BA II Plus calculator.

1.     Cash Flow at Time 0 - Enter the cash flow which occurs at time 0 in this field.

2.     Cash Flow at Time 1 - Enter the cash flow which occurs at time 1 in this field. Enter the number of time periods in which the cash flow occurs in succession in the field directly to the right. If the cash flow only occurs once, enter 1 in the field directly to the right. The next distinct cash flow and its frequency are entered in the following row.

3.     Cost of Capital Field - Enter the Cost of Capital in this field.

4.     NPV Field - The Net Present Value of the Capital Budgeting project is displayed in this field.

5.     IRR Field - The Internal Rate of Return of the Capital Budgeting project is displayed in this field.

6.     Payback Field - The Payback Period of the Capital Budgeting project is displayed in this field.

7.     EAA Field (not used in class) - The Equivalent Annual Annuity of the Capital Budgeting project is displayed in this field.

8.     Buttons - Press the Calculate button to calculate the NPV, IRR, etc. for the Capital Budgeting project. Press the Clear button to clear the calculator.

 

 

 

Simple Rules for Running a Business

From the 20-page cellphone contract to the five-pound employee handbook, even the simple things seem to be getting more complicated.

Companies have been complicating things for themselves, tooanalyzing hundreds of factors when making decisions, or consulting reams of data to resolve every budget dilemma. But those requirements might be wasting time and muddling priorities.

So argues Donald Sull, a lecturer at the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who has also worked for McKinsey & Co. and Clayton, Dubilier & Rice LLC. In the book Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a Complex World, out this week from Houghton Mifflin Harcourt HMHC -1.36%, he and Kathleen Eisenhardt of Stanford University claim that straightforward guidelines lead to better results than complex formulas.

Mr. Sull recently spoke with At Work about what companies can do to simplify, and why five basic rules can beat a 50-item checklist. Edited excerpts:

WSJ: Where, in the business context, might simple ruleshelp more than a complicated approach?

Donald Sull: Well, a common decision that people face in organizations is capital allocation. In many organizations, there will be thick procedure books or algorithmsone company I worked with had an algorithm that had almost 100 variables for every project. These are very cumbersome approaches to making decisions and can waste time. Basically, any decision about how to focus resourceseither people or money or attentioncan benefit from simple rules.

WSJ: Can you give an example of how that simplification works in a company?

Sull: Theres a German company called Weima GmBH that makes shredders. At one point, they were getting about 10,000 requests and could only fill about a thousand because of technical capabilities, so they had this massive problem of sorting out which of these proposals to pursue.

They had a very detailed checklist with 40 or 50 items. People had to gather data and if there were gray areas the proposal would go to management. But because the data was hard to obtain and there were so many different pieces, people didnt always fill out the checklists completely. Then management had to discuss a lot of these proposals personally because there was incomplete data. So top management is spending a disproportionate amount of time discussing this low-level stuff.

Then Weima came up with guidelines that the frontline sales force and engineers could use to quickly decide whether a request fell in the yes,� �no or maybe category. They did it with five rules only, stuff like Weima had to collect at least 70% of the price before the unit leaves the factory.

After that, only the maybes were sent to management. This dramatically decreased the amount of time management spend evaluating these projectsthat time was decreased by almost a factor of 10.

Or, take Frontier Dental Laboratories in Canada. They were working with a sales force of two covering the entire North American market. Limiting their sales guidelines to a few factors that made someone likely to be receptive to Frontierstuff like dentists who have their own practice and dentists with a website��helped focus their efforts and increase sales 42% in a declining market.

WSJ: Weima used five factorsis that the optimal number? And how do you choose which rules to follow?

Sull: You should have four to six rules. Any more than that, youll spend too much time trying to follow everything perfectly. The entire reason simple rules help is because they force you to prioritize the goals that matter. Theyre easy to remember, they dont confuse or stress you, they save time.

They should be tailored to your specific goals, so you choose the rules based on what exactly youre trying to achieve. And you should of course talk to others. Get information from different sources, and ask them for the top things that worked for them. But focus on whether what will work for you and your circumstances.

WSJ: Is there a business leader you can point to who has embraced the simple rules guideline?

Donald Sull: Lets look at when Alex Behring took over America Latina Logistica SARUMO3.BR +1.59%, the Brazilian railway and logistics company. With a budget of $15 million, how do you choose among $200 million of investment requests, all of which are valid?

The textbook business-school answer to this is that you run the NPV (net present value) test on each project and rank-order them by NPV. Alex Behring knows this. He was at the top of the class at Harvard Business School.

But insteadhe decided what the most important goals were. You cant achieve everything at once. In their case, their priorities were removing bottlenecks on growing revenues and minimizing upfront expenditure. So when allocating money, they had a bias for projects that both addressed the bottleneck problem and, for example, used existing tracks and trains.

Similarly, the global-health arm of the Gates Foundation gets many, many funding requests. But since they know that their goal is to have the most impact worldwide, they focus on projects in developing countries because thats where the money will stretch farther.

 

 

Week 6

Chapter 14 Cost of Capital��� ppt

Discount rate to figure out the value of projects is called WACC (weighted average cost of capital)

WACC = weight of debt * cost of debt�� + weight of equity *( cost of equity)

Wd= total debt / Total capital= total borrowed / total capital

We= total equity/ Total capital

 

Cost of debt = rate(nper, coupon, -(price � flotation costs), 1000)*(1-tax rate)

Cost of Equity = D1/(Po � Flotation Cost)+ g���

D1: Next period dividend; Po: Current stock price; g: dividend growth rate

Note: flotation costs = flotation percentage * price

 

Or if beta is given, use CAPM model (refer to chapter 6)

Cost of equity = risk free rate + beta *(market return � risk free rate)

Cost of equity = risk free rate + beta * market risk premium

 

A firm borrows money from bond market. The price they paid is $950 for the bond with 5% coupon rate and 10 years to mature. Flotation cost is $40.For the new stocks, the expected dividend is $2 with a growth rate of 10% and price of $40. The flotation cost is $4. The company raises capital in equal proportions i.e. 50% debt and 50% equity (such as total $1m raised and half million is from debt market and the other half million is from stock market). Tax rate 34%. What is WACC (weighted average cost of capital, cost of capital)?(Answer: 9.84%)

1)      Why does the firm raise capital from the financial market? Is there of any costs of doing so? What do you think?

2)      What is cost of debt?

(Kd = rate(nper, coupon, -(price � flotation costs $)), 1000)*(1-tax rate))

3)      Cost of equity? (Ke = (D1/(Price � flotation costs $)) +g, or Ke = Rrf + Beta*MRP))

Why no tax adjustment like cost of debt?

4)      WACC=Cost of capital = Percentage of Debt * cost of debt + percentage of stock * cost of stock = Wd*Kd + We* Ke

Meaning: For a dollar raised in the capital market from debt holders and stockholders, the cost is WACC (or WACC * 1$ = several cents, and of course, the lower the better but many companies do not have good credits)

 

No homework for chapter 14

No homework for chapter 14

 

 

 

   

Week 6

Chapter 13 Return, Risk and Security Market Line

ppt

 

Video of Class on 11/24/2015(FYI)

 

Study Guide

1.      Pick three stocks. Has to be the leading firm in three different industries. (We chose Tesla, GE, and Wal-mart)

2.      From finance.yahoo.com, collect stock prices of the above firms, in the past five years (Here is the excel solution, from November 2012 to November 2017)

Steps:

Goto finance.yahoo.com

Search for the company

Click on �Historical prices� in the left column on the tope

Change the starting date and ending date to �December 2nd, 2012� and �December 2nd, 2017�, respectively. (Download it to Excel

Delete all inputs, except �adj close� � this is the closing price adjusted for dividend.

3.      Evaluate the performance of each stock: average return, and risk (standard deviation)

4.      Calculate correlations.

5.      Imagine you are rational and hold a highly diversified portfolio: return and risk of this portfolio?

Systematic risk vs. idiosyncratic risk;

Beta and its calculation

 

Use slope function to find beta in Excel��� beta = slope(return of each stock, market return)

 

 

6.      SML(Security market line) and CAPM (Capital asset pricing model)

 

Stock return = risk free rate + beta *(market return � risk free rate) ---- CAPM

 

image044.jpg

 

HOMEWORK (Due before final)

 

1.      An investor currently holds the following portfolio: He invested 30% of the fund in Apple with Beta equal 1.1. He also invested 40% in GE with Beta equal 1.6. The rest of his fund goes to Ford, with Beta equal 2.2. Use the above information to answer the following questions.
1) The beta for the portfolio is? 1.63.

2)      The three month Treasury bill rate (this is risk free rate) is 2%. S&P500 index return is 10% (this is market return).Now calculate the portfolio�s return. 15.04%

2.      The three month Treasury bill rate (this is risk free rate) is 2%. S&P500 index return is 10% (this is market return).

image045.jpg

 

2.What is the value of A? 2%

3. What is the value of B? 10%

4. How much is the slope of the above security market line? 8%

5. Your uncle bought Apple in January, year 2000 for $30. The current price of Apple is $480 per share. Assume there are no dividend ever paid. Calculate your uncle�s holding period return. 15 times

6.

������������������������������������������ Years����������������� Market r��������������� Stock A���������������� Stock B

���������������������������������������������� 1������������������������������ 3%��������������������� 16%������������������������ 5%

���������������������������������������������� 2���������������������������� -5%��������������������� 20%������������������������ 5%

���������������������������������������������� 3������������������������������ 1%��������������������� 18%������������������������ 5%

���������������������������������������������� 4�������������������������� -10%��������������������� 25%������������������������ 5%

���������������������������������������������� 5������������������������������ 6%��������������������� 14%������������������������ 5%

�����������������������������������������������

         Calculate the average returns of the market r and stock A and stock B. (Answer: -1%, 18.6%, 5%)

         Calculate the standard deviations of the market, stock A, & stock B (Answer: 6.44%, 4.21%;0 )

         Calculate the correlation of stock market r and stock a. (Answer: -0.98)

         Assume you invest 50% in stock A and 50% in stock B. Calculate the average return and the standard deviation of the portfolio. (Answer: 11.8%; 2.11%)

Calculate beta of stock A and beta of stock B, respectively (Answer: -0.64, 0)

CAPM Calculator (Thanks TO Dr. Lane)

image028.jpg

The CAPM Calculator can be used to solve problems based upon the Security Market Line (SML) from the Capital Asset Pricing Model. The calculator is able to solve for any of the four possible variables given the value of the other three variables.

1.     Expected Return on Stock i Field - The Expected Return on Stock i is displayed or entered in this field.

2.     Risk Free Rate Field - The Risk Free Rate is displayed or entered in this field.

3.     Expected Return on the Market Field - The Expected Return on the Market Portfolio is displayed or entered in this field.

4.     Beta for Stock i Field - The Beta for Stock i is displayed or entered in this field.

5.     Buttons - Press these buttons to calculate the corresponding value.

o    E[Ri] Button - Press to calculate the Expected Return on Asset i.

o    Rf Button - Press to calculate the Risk Free Rate.

o    E[Rm] Button - Press to calculate the Expected Return on the Market Portfolio.

o    Beta Button - Press to calculate the Beta for Asset i.

(from zenwealth.com)

 

 

Week 7

Chapter 10Cash Flow Estimation

Ppt

 

In class exercise - Case study

(PPT affiliated with this case study fyi)

 

 

No homework requirement for this chapter

   

Week 8

Final (due by 4/26/2018)

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